-
1 falanx
I.In gen.A.Lit., a band of soldiers, a host drawn up in close order ( poet.):B. II.Agamemnoniae phalanges,
Verg. A. 6, 489:densae,
id. ib. 12, 662:Tuscorum,
id. ib. 12, 551:animosa (said of eight brothers fighting together),
id. ib. 12, 277:junctae umbone phalanges,
Juv. 2, 46.—In partic.A.Among the Athenians and Spartans, a division of an army drawn up in battle array, a battalion, phalanx, Nep. Chabr. 1, 2; id. Pelop. 4, 2.—B.The Macedonian order of battle, a Macedonian phalanx (a compact parallelogram of fifty men abreast and sixteen deep), Nep. Eum. 7, 1; Curt. 3, 2, 13; Liv. 31, 39, 10; cf.:2.quae (cohortes) cuneum Macedonum (phalangem ipsi vocant) perrumperent,
id. 32, 17, 11:fecerat et falangem triginta milium hominum,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 50, 5.—An order of battle of the Gauls and Germans, forming a parallelogram:Helvetii confertissimā acie, phalange factā, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 1, 52:phalangem perfringere,
id. ib. 1, 25. -
2 phalanx
I.In gen.A.Lit., a band of soldiers, a host drawn up in close order ( poet.):B. II.Agamemnoniae phalanges,
Verg. A. 6, 489:densae,
id. ib. 12, 662:Tuscorum,
id. ib. 12, 551:animosa (said of eight brothers fighting together),
id. ib. 12, 277:junctae umbone phalanges,
Juv. 2, 46.—In partic.A.Among the Athenians and Spartans, a division of an army drawn up in battle array, a battalion, phalanx, Nep. Chabr. 1, 2; id. Pelop. 4, 2.—B.The Macedonian order of battle, a Macedonian phalanx (a compact parallelogram of fifty men abreast and sixteen deep), Nep. Eum. 7, 1; Curt. 3, 2, 13; Liv. 31, 39, 10; cf.:2.quae (cohortes) cuneum Macedonum (phalangem ipsi vocant) perrumperent,
id. 32, 17, 11:fecerat et falangem triginta milium hominum,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 50, 5.—An order of battle of the Gauls and Germans, forming a parallelogram:Helvetii confertissimā acie, phalange factā, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 1, 52:phalangem perfringere,
id. ib. 1, 25. -
3 φάλαγξ
A line of battle, battle-array, Hom. only in Il., once in sg.,Τρώων ῥῆξε φάλαγγα Il.6.6
: elsewh. pl.the ranks of an army in battle,Δαναοὶ ῥήξαντο φάλαγγας 11.90
;φάλαγγες ἀνδρῶν 19.158
, Hes. Th. 935;τῶν κάτω Διὸς φαλάγγων S.Ichn.
(lyr.) in PTeb. 692 iii 10.2 heavy infantry ([etym.] ὁπλῖται) in battle-order, X.An.1.8.17, al.; ἡ φ. τῶν ὁπλιτῶν ib.6.5.27, cf. D.9.49; opp. πελτασταί, X.An.6.5.25; opp. ἱππεῖς, Id.Cyr.6.3.2, Ages.2.9;τοὺς ἱππεῖς πρὸ τῆς φ. ἔστησαν D.S.20.10
, cf. Plu.Crass.23; butοἱ Ἕλληνες ἱππεῖς ὥσπερ φ. ἐπὶ τεττάρων παρατεταγμένοι X.HG3.4.13
: esp. line of battle, opp. κέρας (column in marching order), ἐπὶ φάλαγγος ἄγειν, opp. κατὰ κέρας or ἐπὶ κέρως ἄγειν, Id.Cyr.1.6.43; of ships, Id.HG6.2.30; ἐκ κέρατος εἰς φ. καταστῆσαι to form from column into line, Id.Cyr.8.5.15;παρ' ἀσπίδα παραγαγόντας τὴν ἐνωμοτίαν ἐπὶ φάλαγγος Id.An.4.3.26
;ἐπὶ φάλαγγος καθίστασθαι Id.Cyr.6.3.21
, cf. An.6.5.7,25.c camp, εἴσω, ἔξω φάλαγγος, Id.Ages.2.15. Lac.12.3, cf. Eq.8.12.3 esp. of the Macedonian phalanx, Plb.18.29sqq., etc.4 in writers on Tactics:5 metaph.,λοπάδων παρατεταγμένη φ. Diph.44.3
; of a band of pupils, Lib.Ep.145.1; of a governor's staff (Lat. officium), Id.Or.46.11.II round piece of wood, trunk, log,φάλαγγες ἐβένου Hdt.3.97
;ἐκ κοτίνοιο φ. A.R.2.843
;φ. πύξιναι IG11(2).287
B145 (Delos, iii B. C.).IV bone between two joints of the fingers and toes, Arist.HA 493b29; pl., Ruf.Onom.84 (but metacarpals, [Ruf.] Oss. 22).V = φαλάγγιον 1, Ar. V. 1509, Ra. 1314 (lyr.), Pl.Com.22, X.Mem.3.11.6: masc. in Arist. HA 609a5. (The orig. sense was prob. log, cf. OHG balcho 'beam', Lat. sufflamen (for sub-flag-men) 'brake'.)
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